There is no man who has never heard the word "hemorrhoids".It is used by anyone who is not lazy, not even for those who have nothing to do with medicine.
The term "hemorrhoids" itself comes from two Greek words -"Haem"("Blood") and"Rhoos"("bleeding").
The concept is not clear, since not all bleeding is the result of hemorrhoids and does not always cause blood.In this case, the concept of "hemorrhoids" is suitable for the broader concept of "hemorrhoids" - swelling, bloating, which occurs during the trash.
A description of the problem
Hemorrhoids are a special anal formation located below the rectum.According to them, these are the plexus of venous vessels.They are located in and outside the membrane of the mucous membrane.Based on the location of these formations, the hemorrhoids of the inner and external nature are divided.
These plexuses themselves perform a protective function: protect the rectum from the incontinence of liquid excrement and gases and completely close the anal channel.According to statistics, 20 % of adults suffer from this disease.And exactly this disease causes the campaign for the specialist.
That contributes to the occurrence and development of the disease
Hemorrhoids are normal with only one park.In case of heavy or prolonged physical effort, these tapes can be torn.When leagues are violated, they overflow with bleeding blood.This results in loss and bleeding.
Vienna, which provides a normal blood flow from the mucous membrane and is tightened.Blood starts to stagnate.
Factors provoking the development of hemorrhoids
The pathology itself does not arise in itself.This has happened and development is influenced by many factors:
- The hereditary factor (there are no valves in the bleeding node and veins that provide blood outflow).
- Increased pressure in the veins.
- Wagons in the work of the intestines (constipation, diarrhea), frequent visit to the toilet.
- Pregnancy, childbirth, improving the clinic of the disease.
- Sitting lifestyle, long -standing situation.
- Some sports and professions.
- Features of nutrition (alcohol, spicy food).But this contributes to aggravation rather than development.
Listen!Even in the presence of bleeding from the anal channel, he cannot talk about the manifestation of hemorrhoids.It is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, to analyze and examine the rectum:
- Colonoscopy.
- Anoscopy.
- Sectoroscopy.
Bleeding and nodes can occur with intestinal inflammation and malignant formations.
Aremorrhoids: Symptoms and Classification
Place of nodes:
- External.
- Internal.
- Mixed.
First view- Expanding venous vessels under the gear of the rectum.This species is the presence of edematus manifestations, the presence of discomfort in the rectum.This type of pathology characterizes severe pain.
The second view- The extension of the blood sensation themselves is located below the line.Hemorrhoids are divided to 1, 2, 3 and 4 degrees (the severity of the disease depends on the severity of the nodes).There are also acute and chronic hemorrhoids that come from a disease.
Chronic hemorrhoids
Clinical picture:
- Occasionally blood is released from the anus.
- Loss of plexus within the mucous membrane.
- Itching and burning in the anus.
- Empty from the rectum.
Symptoms of chronic hemorrhoids
Bowel bleeding
The most common symptom of the disease occurred in 10 % of patients.According to statistics, the most common occurrence is when the intestine is empty.The manifestations can be intense and not too and episodic.The color of the discharge is scarlett in the form of a "spray" (occurs by choke), or - at the end of the emptying (in the form of drops).If blood remains in the anus after the previous emptying, the next one comes out in the next dark or with a cluster.
70-80 % of the hemorrhoids clinical manifestations.Constipation and diarrhea, alcohol consumption, spicy foods and heavy physical efforts also occur due to bleeding.As a result, anemia is the occurrence of anemia.
The manifestation of anal bleeding is not always a sign of this disease.This may occur in other diseases of the intestine.If this occurs in people over 40-45, you should definitely consult a doctor.However, if people are prone to oncology, a medical visit is needed.
Because what diseases can occur in bleeding:
- The colon diverticulla.
- Crohn -kór.
- Malignant tumor of the rectum.
- The octopus of the intestine.
If you notice emptying from the anus, consult the proctologist and perform the necessary examination of the direct and colon.
The protrusion of venous plexuses
This symptom occurs during the long period of the disease.It first occurs with the destruction of the intestine.In addition, the symptom appears by strangling.If the pathology is acute, it will fall out without effort.The division sets the 2 stages independently.They are manually adjusted in 3 stages due to a decrease in the sound of anal muscles.They fall completely in 4 stages.
Anal pain
Bleeding is not the only reason for turning to a specialist.And this is not necessarily hemorrhoids.In the anus, the pain syndrome can occur at the acute stage of the disease.Reasons:
- Constipation.
- Frequent visit to the toilet.
- Anal crack.
- Plrombosis of the nodes.
If treatment is improperly carried out, the anal crack is placed in the chronic stage.
Intestinal
The nature of the discharge in this disease is aqueous or mucous membrane.The consequence of the episodic loss of nodes.Watch the mucous membranes with bleeding.Most often they occur when nodes or mucous membranes fall out.Further causes are tumors (Villous Polips, Tumor).
Itching in the anus
These symptoms, such as the anus itching and anal discomfort, occur with the dysfunction of the colon.These usually occur at the late stage of the disease.
Classification
1 phase- Venous plexuses do not fall out.The scarlet color of the liberated blood.
2 phases- The fallen nodes are set themselves (with or without blood emissions).
3 phases- The nodes fall episodically and improve manually.
4 phases- The mucosa of the newspaper and the rectum is constantly falling out.Manual reduction becomes impossible.
Acute hemorrhoid
It usually occurs in the chronic phase.The most common manifestations:
- External nodes with the occurrence of thrombosis.
- Protrusion of the inner thrown plexus.
If thrombosis occurs, the nodes are compacted and increased.Severe pain syndrome occurs in the anal opening area.
Treatment of acute hemorrhoids
Thromboectomy (cutting a thrombus node and removal of a thrombus) is possible in the thrombosis stage.The operation is performed during local anesthesia.Duration - a few minutes.After surgery, the pain begins to decrease immediately.
When the internal hemorrhoids fall out, swollen phenomena and inflammation occur.Surgical intervention is contraindicated due to possible complications.Therapy:
- Use of ointment and candles.
- Tablets.
If you detect manifestations in time, the duration of the acute stage will be reduced to one week.If the pathology is not treated for a long time, purulent inflammation may occur.
3 phases of disease on the acute course
- The appearance of blood clots in the inner and external venous plexuses.No inflammation.
- The presence of blood clots in the nodes with the presence of inflammation.
- In the background of the above signals, inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue develops.Complications occur - bleeding, messy inflammation.
How to treat the chronic stage of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are severe, unpleasant but reference.There is sufficient treatment method to eliminate.The treatment system is constantly improving.Each method has no doubt, advantages and disadvantages.And they are used depending on the phase.The following factors affect the application of a particular methodology:
- The course of the disease.
- The nature of the discharge.
- The age of the patient.
- Frequency of bleeding.
The difficulty lies in the fact that many methods are based on the same treatment indications and that optimum selection will not be easy.In this case, you should combine the necessary methods.According to classification, 3 types of treatment can be distinguished:
- Conservative.
- Small invasive.
- Operational.
The first degree hemorrhoids
Loss of nodes with the release of blood:
- Mandatory normalization of nutrition (with a high percentage of fiber).
- Taking drugs that reduce inflammation and venous blood vessels.
- Rectal candles, ointments for external use for aggravation.
The II.
Reduction of the affected nodes of itself:
- Fix the hemorrhoid node with a latex ring.
- Introduction of a scorer.
- Ligging arteries that bring blood to inflamed nodes.
- Electrocoagulation.
- Cutting outer and internal nodes.
The III.
Manual reduction:
- Using latex rings.
- Sclerotherapy.
- The landing of the arteries.
- Electrocoagulation.
- Cutting.
IV degree hemorrhoids
To reduce nodes impossible: Removing inflamed nodes with a special tool.
Stages of the development of hemorrhoids
Not all methods are suitable for gold core treatment in one case.The final solution affects exactly how the external and internal plexuses correlate.If the pathology is dominant nodes - inside, you can do it without surgery.The methods are described above.
Before making the final diagnosis, the patient needs a complete examination.The first thing is to examine the rectum and the colon.Above all, this applies to patients younger than 45 years of age, with a hereditary predisposition to oncology, as he or her hemorrhoids may be simultaneous diseases:
- Malignant tumor of the rectum.
- Polyps.
In addition, the symptoms (or rather the degree of severity), the size of the nodes and the episodality affect the choice of the treatment method.
With the poor severity of the symptoms and the rare loss, it is better to choose conservative therapy.The very first and important thing you are focused on is to correct nutrition, to eliminate constipation and to empty the intestine.The diet should contain sufficient amounts of water, as constipation is often due to a lack of liquid, so the intestine is forced to suck from the stool.
In order to facilitate this condition, the following are important:
- Fiber is the dominant component of the diet.
- Periodic intake of laxatives.
- Appointment of the patient to the patient.
Conservative therapy is primarily used during the acute aggravation of the disease.Other treatment is contraindicated.If the disease is in Phase 1 and 2, other methods are contraindicated.What conservative treatment contains:
- A special diet.
- Ventilation of drugs.
- Rectal candles, ointments.
- Flebotropic drugs.
All patients are prescribed by the diet.The main goal is to normalize the chair.Often one of the main provocative factors is precisely constipation or diarrhea.The diet of the disease categorically prohibits:
- Sharp.
- Salt.
- Roast.
- Alcohol.
Diae means additional exams.The results of the tests affect the correction of diet and treatment.If the patient is prone to constipation, a special diet is recommended for him.The list of products and other shades can be viewed in a special stage.Recommended for laxative effect:
- Dried apricots.
- Prunes.
- Dried apricots.
- Fig.
If the diet does not eliminate the stagnant effect of the intestine, the use of laxatives will begin.Now it won't be difficult to find them: just go to any pharmacy and ask.Don't take it for you.The dosage and brand of medicine depends on the following factors:
- Individual characteristics of the body.
- Simultaneous diseases.
- Circle.
- The doctor's decisions.
Until the final treatment is prescribed, the doctor will prescribe the patient 1 tablespoon.l.Vaseline oil (2-3 times a day).
It is essential in the treatment of pathology
However, it is worth remembering that no ointment or other drugs will save the problem.They only temporarily eliminate the symptoms and no more.Conservative therapy will not be effective if the venous plexuses fall regularly: only radical treatment methods help here.
In addition, certain factors are taken into account when prescribing the dosage forms of the drug.For example, rectal candles are not suitable for patients with pronounced pain syndrome.In this case, the ointment is better.In some cases, combinations are acceptable.
There is no need to list the full list of medicines from this pathology as it is very large.The decisive factor is the unique characteristics of the body and the patient's personal complaints.
We affect the choice of ointments or candles:
- Acute hemorrhoids with thrombosis.
- Inflammation.
At the same time, anesthesia, anti -inflammatory drugs are prescribed that alleviate edema.Such drugs should be used for a while as they contain hormones and anti -inflammatory non -sertoids.
Flebotropic use is a prerequisite for medication.
Small -invasive treatment
Sclerotherapy
This is a method in which a special solution is introduced into the scheraantic area of the bleeding nodes.With proper administration, manipulation does not cause pain.Local anesthesia is not used.The duration does not exceed 10 minutes.There is no need for hospital care.After the procedure, it can continue to lead the same lifestyle.Within two days, discomfort in the anus is possible.This method is used in a chronic phase pathology (blood is released, the plexuses do not stand out).This method is rarely used because the manipulation is quite complicated and the medicine is correctly administered by the mucous membrane.As a general rule, the period of calm after manipulation is about 3-7 years.
Infra -red coagulation
The method of which the radiation acts in the inflamed areas.With this, the hemorrhoids gradually die.After manipulations, it can lead the previous lifestyle.Painful feelings are possible for two days.The AI method is used in 1 and 2 stages of pathology, where the size of the places is small.The relaxed period is 3-7 years without serious complications.
Fixing with latex rings
This procedure is the most common of all other methods.Plus:
- Cheap.
- A wide range of signals.
- Lack of risk of complications.
The bottom line is that the Latex ring is applied to the area.This happens with a ligator.Due to the pressure of the ring, it begins to die and reject it.Fast manipulation during driving (3-5 minutes) is simple, virtually painless.You can lead the previous lifestyle after liga.Painful feelings are possible for two days.The ligational method is presented in phases of pathology 1-3.There is almost no complication.Occasionally, there is blood emissions when the ring is left.The minus of the procedure - only one space is removed for 1 session, the next manipulation is only possible after a few weeks.
The landing of the arteries
The proximal liga method allows you to find the localization of all arteries that transport and connect inflamed areas.In this method, local anesthesia is used.Perform the procedure with anoscope with a lot.As a result of the dressing of the arteries, the inflamed areas disappear.The duration of the procedure is about half an hour.The sensation of pain is almost not observed.Pains are possible within two days and increase temperature.Can lead the same lifestyle.This method is used in every phase of pathology.
Benefits:
- Lack of wiping tissues.
- Reducing the rehabilitation period.
- Processing 1 time.
- Longer calm (5-10 years).
Disadvantages:
- The procedure is longer than anything else.
- Pain.
- High cost.
Surgical intervention
The operation of Milligan-Morgan
This method of surgical intervention involves cutting out external and interior swelling with later dressing.Apply all phases of the disease.Shades:
- General anesthesia.
- The need for 3-5 days of inpatient hospital care.
- Reducing power within 10-15 days.
- Long recovery period - approx.1 month.
- The duration of manipulation is about half an hour.
The advantage is that this is the only and radical therapeutic method.The relaxed period is up to 12 years, and repeated downturns are only possible in 15-30 % of cases.Pain pain for 2-4 days.We need a painkiller.The healing period is long, as well as the occurrence of scars and a reduction in the sound of anal sphincter.
Professor Longo
This method involves truncation of the membrane of the rectal mucosa.It is done with a special stapler.The places lose the protruding option and reduce blood flow.Pointing at every stage with pathology.Shades:
- General anesthesia.
- Hospital care in the hospital for 2-4 days.
- The recovery period is 3-5 days.
The benefits of the procedure are similar to hemorrhoidctomy, the low severity of the pain;Healing is fast, no complications.Minus the high costs (due to the use of the stapler).
Conclusion
The methods described in this article are not only treated with gold core treatment.Cryotherapy is also used.But this method is not so widespread because there is incontinence from the anus, the depth of the exposure is not controlled.
The patient himself has the right to decide whether to seek medical attention or not.Of course, it is worth paying attention to the frequency of bleeding and pain, as frequent release of blood causes anemia.Otherwise, hemorrhoids are not very life -threatening.But it is worth warning that the sooner you consult a doctor, the better.This avoids a more radical treatment method and improves life.
Remember that only a proctologist can help solve the problem.If you notice the following signs:
- Periodic anal bleeding.
- Itching and burning in the anus.
- Sensation of discomfort and pain - immediately contact the proctologist!In no case, do not meditate!